Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.9, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # VICT3R Developing and implementing Virtual Control Groups to reduce animal use in Toxicology Research ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](./sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Dr. Thomas Steger-Hartmann](./dr-thomas-steger-hartmann/) - This time, in Minds Behind VICT3R we are pleased to share an insightful interview with the project industry lead, Dr. Thomas Steger-Hartmann (Bayer). Beyond being one of the key minds behind VICT3R and the development of the Virtual Control Group (VCG) concept, Thomas has also been a driving force behind the EMA Qualification Opinion recently - [EMA Qualification Opinion on VICT3R Context of Use I Open for Public Consultation](./ema-qualification-opinion-on-vict3r-context-of-use-i-open-for-public-consultation/) - The VICT3R project has reached an important milestone in the qualification of the Virtual Control Group (VCG) concept. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a Qualification Opinion on VICT3R Context of Use I, which focuses on the application of VCGs in dose-range finding (DRF) non-GLP repeated dose toxicity rat studies. The Qualification Opinion, adopted - [Collaboration at the heart of VICT3R: highlights from the 4th Consortium Meeting](./collaboration-at-the-heart-of-vict3r-highlights-from-the-4th-consortium-meeting/) - Collaboration lies at the heart of the VICT3R project. Bringing together data scientists, software and computer system validation experts, industry partners, and regulators is essential to tackle the complex challenge the project addresses: developing Virtual Control Groups (VCGs) that could one day replace concurrent control groups in animal studies. On 26–27 February 2026, the VICT3R - [Vera Rogiers](./vera-rogiers/) - In our latest Minds Behind VICT3R , we’re featuring Prof. Emerita Vera Rogiers, member of the VICT3R Scientific and Regulatory Advisory Board (SRAB). Vera has spent her career advancing alternatives to animal testing, first as the leader of the In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetic Sciences group at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and more recently on - [Karolina Kopańska](./karolina-kopanska/) - In our latest Minds Behind VICT3R , we’re catching up with Karolina Kopańska from CAATevents. Karolina co-Leads VICT3R WP8, dedicated to the retrospective and prospective testing supporting the qualification of the Virtual Control Group (VCG) concept. She also coordinates the VICT3R Regulatory Interaction Task Force (RITF), which drives VICT3R’s engagement with policymakers and regulators worldwide. - [More Minds, More Impact − New Members Join the VICT3R Community](./more-minds-more-impact-−-new-members-join-the-vict3r-community/) - We are proud to announce the expansion of the VICT3R consortium with the addition of new beneficiaries joining the project and organisations joining the VICT3R Associated Contract Research Organisation (CRO) Network. This growing network of organisations strengthens our mission to transform the way safety is evaluated in drug and chemical development by reducing reliance on - [VICT3R Holds 3rd Consortium Meeting in Barcelona](./vict3r-holds-3rd-consortium-meeting-in-barcelona/) - The VICT3R consortium met in Barcelona on 29–30 September 2025 for its 3rd Consortium Meeting and General Assembly, marking the successful close of the project’s first year. With 67 participants attending in-person and another 60 joining online, the event brought together nearly 130 partners and collaborators from academia, industry, small and medium-sized enterprises, and members - [VICT3R: Virtually Speaking Webinar Series - Conversations Driving Change in Safety Science](./vict3r-virtually-speaking-webinar-series-conversations-driving-change-in-safety-science/) - VICT3R launched the first edition of its Virtually Speaking webinar series in early 2025, bringing together experts to discuss key topics relevant to VICT3R, shaping the future of toxicology and safety science. The series, which ran from January to July, combined open webinars for the broader community with closed sessions for the consortium, where we - [Heinz Schwerdtfeger](./heinz-schwerdtfeger/) - In our latest Minds Behind VICT3R , we’re catching up with Heinz Schwerdtfeger from Syncwork Ag, who leads the project WP9. Heinz and his team are making sure that the tools developed in VICT3R are properly validated and meet Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) standards − using what’s known as Computer System Validation (CSV). - [Guillemette Duchateau-Nguyen](./guillemette-duchateau-nguyen/) - For this issue of Minds Behind VICT3R, we had the chance to speak with Guillemette Duchateu-Nguyen (Roche) – an expert biostatistician with extensive experience in preclinical and clinical data analysis. Guillemette played a key role in the core group that developed the first historical control data repository, now the foundation of the VICT3R database. - [Armelle Grevot](./armelle-grevot/) - This time, Minds Behind VICT3R puts the focus on Armelle Grevot (Novartis) – veterinary pathologist and leader of WP4 in VICT3R. With 20+ years of experience in toxicologic pathology, Armelle is helping shape the future of safety science by integrating digital histopathology into Virtual Control Groups (VCGs). - [Mathieu Vinken](./minds-behind-vict3r-mathieu-vinken/) - In this edition of Minds Behind VICT3R, we're happy to feature Mathieu Vinken (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) – Partner at VICT3R, and Coordinator of both the ASPIS cluster and the ONTOX project. A huge thank you to Mathieu for sharing his expertise and perspectives with us. Don’t miss this opportunity to learn more about his role - [Nadège Le Roux](./nadege-le-roux/) - We’re excited to present the latest edition of Minds Behind VICT3R, featuring Nadège Le Roux (Bristol Myers Squibb) – expert in Regulatory Sciences and Policy and a key contributor to VICT3R’s regulatory strategy. With a strong background in regulatory science, Nadège brings valuable insight into how innovative methods like Virtual Control Groups (VCGs) can be - [VICT3R Featured in the 'Lab of Tomorrow' Video Series](./vict3r-featured-in-the-lab-of-tomorrow-video-series/) - We are pleased to announce that the VICT3R project has been featured in the latest episode of the Lab of Tomorrow video interview series by Eurogroup for Animals. This initiative highlights scientists who are actively working to phase out the use of animals in the regulatory assessment of drugs and other chemicals. In this new - [Welcome to the Launch of the VICT3R Website](./welcome-to-the-launch-of-the-vict3r-website/) - We are excited to announce the launch of the VICT3R Website, which is now live! This updated website is a key resource for the VICT3R community, featuring comprehensive details about the project, our goals, publications, the latest news, and training resources. It will be the central hub for all project-related information and updates. As coordinators - [Bringing Virtual Control Groups to Life: Highlights from the 2nd VICT3R Consortium Meeting](./bringing-virtual-control-groups-to-life-highlights-from-the-2nd-vict3r-consortium-meeting/) - What happens when you bring together over 120 scientists, data experts, and regulatory minds - some gathered in a conference room in Barcelona, others dialling in from around the world? You get two days filled with progress, open debate, and a shared determination to make Virtual Control Groups (VCGs) a reality. At its core, VICT3R - [VICT3R Showcased at the 2nd Commission Conference on Phasing Out Animal Testing](./vict3r-showcased-at-the-2nd-commission-conference-on-phasing-out-animal-testing/) - We’re proud to announce that VICT3R is presented today at the 2nd Commission Conference on the Roadmap to phase out animal testing for chemical safety assessments held in Brussels. Hosted by the European Commission, this event brings together leading experts with the aim to accelerate the shift toward animal-free safety assessments, guided by the 3Rs - [Claus Stie Kallesøe](./claus-stie-kallesoe/) - We are thrilled to launch our new interview series, Minds Behind VICT3R, where we spotlight the talented individuals shaping the success of the VICT3R project. In our first edition, we’re excited to feature Claus Stie Kallesøe from grit42! Claus shares his background and sheds light on the pivotal role grit42 plays in advancing the project’s - [VICT3R Kick-off meeting](./vict3r-kick-off-meeting/) - The VICT3R project kicked off with an inspiring meeting in Barcelona on 26-27 September 2024! With over 70 attendees in person and more than 50 joining online, the enthusiasm and commitment to this transformative project were palpable. From the outset, participants engaged in meaningful discussions and brought forward exciting proposals, setting a positive and proactive ## Pages - [Home](./) - VICT3R (Developing and implementing VIrtual Control groups To reducE animal use in toxicology Research) is a public-private partnership funded by the Innovative Health Initiative (IHI). The project is dedicated to reducing animal use in toxicology research by developing Virtual Control Groups (VCGs) — an innovative approach that enhances scientific outcomes while aligning with the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement). Through this work, VICT3R aims to advance ethical and data-driven alternatives in regulatory testing. - [Training](./training/) - VICT3R: Virtually Speaking Webinars Series Welcome to the VICT3R: Virtually Speaking webinar series! Launched in January 2025, this monthly series is all about bringing together experts from across industries and disciplines to discuss exciting, cutting-edge topics. Each session offers something different – whether you’re an industry professional, an academic looking to stay ahead of the - [VICT3R Community](./vict3r-community/) - The VICT3R Community brings together a diverse group of actors – from project partners and collaborating organizations to regulatory and policymaking experts. Together, we are working to develop and implement Virtual Control Groups (VCGs) as a way to transform nonclinical safety evaluations, reduce reliance on animal testing, and promote ethical research practices. By combining cutting-edge - [Public IT Tools](./public-it-tools/) - ALURES NTS Experimental Methods Browser The ALURES NTS Experimental Methods Browser is an interactive web tool that enables exploration and analysis of data on experimental methods used in neuroscience research with mouse models across Europe. The underlying data were extracted from Non-Technical Summaries (NTS) submitted to the EU ALURES database using Large Language Models (LLMs). - [Facts & Figures](./facts-figures/) - Public and Private Resources UnitedVICT3R is supported by the Innovative Health Initiative (IHI) Europe’s largest public-private partnership funding health research and innovation. VICT3R has received support from the IHI Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 101172693. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme and COCIR, EFPIA, Europa - [Work Packages](./work-packages/) - WP1Project coordination and management Leader: UPFOverall project coordination, scientific and technical oversight, ensuring correct execution.WP2Data management, curation, and quality control (RDT)Leader: Merck KGaACollection, curation, and standardisation of repeated-dose toxicology study data.WP3Extension to studies other than systemic toxicityLeader: BASF SEApplication of the Virtual Control Group (VCG) concept to additional types of animal studies.WP4Digital histopathology of control - [Video library](./video-library/) - VICT3R: Video Library Sorry, your browser doesn't support embedded videos.VICT3R YEAR ONE Communication and Dissemination highlights - [Public Deliverables](./public-deliverables/) - This section provides access to VICT3R’s public deliverables, offering insights into key project achievements, findings, and outcomes. Here, you can find documents that have been made publicly available to share progress and results with the broader community. New deliverables will be added as they are published. - [Related Publications](./related-publications/) - All20262025202420232020 1. Steger-Hartmann T, Kreuchwig A, Vaas L, Wichard J, Bringezu F, Amberg A, Muster W, Pognan F, Barber C. Introducing the concept of virtual control groups into preclinical toxicology testing. ALTEX. 2020;37(3):343-349. READ 2. Wright PSR, Smith GF, Briggs KA, Thomas R, Maglennon G, Mikulskis P, Chapman M, Greene N, Phillips BU, Bender A. - [Publications](./publications/) - All20262025202420232020 37. Sanz F, Matyjasiak J, Orihuel J, Pike CM, Soininen I, Bringezu F, Valverde O, Vinken M, Turner J, Steger-Hartmann T. Transitional initiatives for advancing the phasing out of the use of animals for drug and chemical safety testing: The IHI VICT3R project for reducing the use of animals by implementing virtual control groups. - [Newsletters](./newsletters/) - Issues #1: March 2025First issue features: Our first overview article published in Toxicologic Pathology Key regulatory discussions, including engagement with major regulatory authorities Highlights from our first public webinars, with more than 170 and 120 participants Meet the people behind VICT3R in our new interview series Expanding industry and academic collaborations to advance VCGs Check - [Minds Behind VICT3R](./minds-behind-vict3r/) - Dr. Thomas Steger-HartmannApril 14th, 2026This time, in Minds Behind VICT3R we are pleased to share an insightful interview with the project industry lead, Dr. Thomas Steger-Hartmann (Bayer). Beyond being one of the key minds behind VICT3R and the development of the Virtual Control Group (VCG) concept, Thomas has also been a driving force behind the - [Latest News](./latest-news/) - EMA Qualification Opinion on VICT3R Context of Use I Open for Public ConsultationMarch 31st, 2026The VICT3R project has reached an important milestone in the qualification of the Virtual Control Group (VCG) concept. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a Qualification Opinion on VICT3R Context of Use I, which focuses on the application of VCGs - [Cookies Policy](./cookies-policy/) - What are cookies and similar technologies? Cookies: Small text files sent from a website to your device, where they are stored by your web browser and later retrieved by the website. Tracking Technologies: Web Beacons, Pixels, Tags, Scripts and other technologies used for purposes similar to those intended by using cookies. E-mails and mobile applications - [Project](./project/) - Our MissionVICT3R is committed to transforming toxicology research by minimising the need for animal control groups. We aim to replace them with Virtual Control Groups, leveraging decades of historical data processed by statistics and cutting-edge AI technologies. Our VisionA future where drug and chemical safety evaluations are more ethical, efficient, and scientifically rigorous, with a - [Privacy Policy](./privacy-policy/) - This website, with Internet address www.vict3r.eu, is owned by the VICT3R consortium and managed by Universitat Pompeu Fabra. All personal data gathered by this website will be exclusively used for the purposes expressed below, and will be processed in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with - [Disclaimer](./disclaimer/) - This project is supported by the Innovative Health Initiative Joint Undertaking (IHI JU) under grant agreement No 101172693. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme and COCIR, EFPIA, Europa Bío, MedTech Europe, and Vaccines Europe and Instem Scientific Limited. Funded by the European Union, the private members, and - [Legal Notice](./legal-notice/) - Terms of Use This website, with Internet address www.vict3r.eu, belongs to the VICT3R project and it is managed by Universitat Pompeu Fabra, with central and registered office at: UNIVERSITAT POMPEU FABRACarrer de la Mercè, 1208002 BarcelonaSPAIN All site contents, comprising texts, images, sound, and any other materials, are the property of the site owner or - [About IHI](./about-ihi/) - The Innovative Health Initiative (IHI) aims to translate health research and innovation into real benefits for patients and society, and ensure that Europe remains at the cutting edge of interdisciplinary, sustainable, patient-centric health research. Health research and care increasingly involve diverse sectors. By supporting projects that bring these sectors together, IHI will pave the way ## Abouts - [Reducing Animal Use](./about/reducing-animal-use/) - VICT3R aims to reduce animal use in toxicology research by replacing concurrent control groups with Virtual Control Groups (VCGs). This shift has the potential to decrease animal use by up to 25% while maintaining scientific integrity. - [Advancing Regulatory Acceptance of VCGs](./about/advancing-regulatory-acceptance-of-vcgs/) - VICT3R is committed to generating the scientific and regulatory evidence needed to validate VCGs, ensuring their credibility and paving the way for their integration into toxicology research and regulatory frameworks. - [Data Sharing](./about/data-sharing/) - VICT3R is building a comprehensive, high-quality database of control animal data provided by the industry, accessible to project partners, regulators, and policymakers worldwide. By harnessing historical toxicology data, the project enhances scientific rigor, improves transparency, and supports better decision-making in regulatory assessments. - [Public-Private Partnership for Change](./about/public-private-partnership-for-change/) - VICT3R is a public-private partnership uniting industry leaders, academic institutions, and small and medium-sized enterprises. This collaboration ensures a scientifically rigorous approach to developing VCGs while fostering broad acceptance and implementation across the biomedical and regulatory science sectors. - [Developing Virtual Control Groups](./about/developing-virtual-control-groups/) - VICT3R is developing and validating VCGs as a data-driven alternative to traditional control groups. By leveraging historical control data, AI and advanced statistical methods, VCGs can provide a scientifically robust and ethically responsible solution for regulatory assessments. ## Beneficiaries - [GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Limited](./beneficiary/glaxosmithkline-research-development-limited/) - [Labcorp](./beneficiary/labcorp/) - [BSL Bioservice Scientific Laboratories Munich GmbH](./beneficiary/bsl-bioservice-scientific-laboratories-munich-gmbh/) - [Charles River Laboratories International Inc.](./beneficiary/charles-river-laboratories-international-inc/) - [Scantox A/S](./beneficiary/scantox-a-s/) - [CAATevents gGmbH](./beneficiary/caatevents-ggmbh/) - [Servier - R&D Institute Paris-Saclay](./beneficiary/servier-rd-institute-paris-saclay/) - [Zoetis Belgium SA](./beneficiary/zoetis-belgium-sa/) - [grit42](./beneficiary/grit42/) - [BASF SE](./beneficiary/basf-se/) - [Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG](./beneficiary/takeda-pharmaceuticals-international-ag/) - [Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH](./beneficiary/sanofi-aventis-deutschland-gmbh/) - [Orion Corporation](./beneficiary/orion-corporation/) - [Merck Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien](./beneficiary/merck-kommanditgesellschaft-auf-aktien/) - [Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv](./beneficiary/janssen-pharmaceutica-nv/) - [Incyte Biosciences Distribution B.V](./beneficiary/incyte-biosciences-distribution-b-v/) - [Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH](./beneficiary/boehringer-ingelheim-international-gmbh/) - [Bayer Aktiengesellschaft](./beneficiary/bayer-aktiengesellschaft/) - [Astrazeneca Uk Limited](./beneficiary/astrazeneca-uk-limited/) - [Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH](./beneficiary/amgen-research-munich-gmbh/) - [Syncwork Aktiengesellschaft](./beneficiary/syncwork-aktiengesellschaft/) - [PHUSE CLG](./beneficiary/phuse-clg/) - [Organon SRL](./beneficiary/organon-srl/) - [Deciphex](./beneficiary/deciphex/) - [University of Konstanz](./beneficiary/https-www-uni-konstanz-de/) - [TU Dortmund University](./beneficiary/tu-dortmund-university/) - [Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM)](./beneficiary/fraunhofer-gesellschaft-zur-forderung-der-angewandten-forschung-e-v/) - [Instem](./beneficiary/instem/) - [Synapse Research Management Partners SL](./beneficiary/synapse-research-management-partners-sl/) - [Medbioinformatics Solutions SL](./beneficiary/medbioinformatics-solutions-sl/) - [Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Corp](./beneficiary/bristol-myers-squibb-company-corp/) - [F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG](./beneficiary/f-hoffmann-la-roche-ag/) - [Ipsen Innovation SAS](./beneficiary/ipsen-innovation-sas/) - [UCB Biopharma](./beneficiary/ucb-biopharma/) - [Novartis Pharma AG](./beneficiary/novartis-pharma-ag/) - [Novo Nordisk A/S](./beneficiary/novo-nordisk-a-s/) - [Pfizer Inc](./beneficiary/pfizer-inc/) - [Abbvie Inc](./beneficiary/abbvie-inc/) - [Vrije Universiteit Brussel](./beneficiary/vrije-universiteit-brussel/) - [Universitat Pompeu Fabra](./beneficiary/universitat-pompeu-fabra/) - [Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputación](./beneficiary/barcelona-supercomputing-center-centro-nacional-de-supercomputacion/) ## Publications - [AI snake oil? A risk/benefit analysis for toxicology](./publications/ai-snake-oil-a-risk-benefit-analysis-for-toxicology/) - [Transitional initiatives for advancing the phasing out of the use of animals for drug and chemical safety testing: The IHI VICT3R project for reducing the use of animals by implementing virtual control groups](./publications/transitional-initiatives-for-advancing-the-phasing-out-of-the-use-of-animals-for-drug-and-chemical-safety-testing-the-ihi-vict3r-project-for-reducing-the-use-of-animals-by-implementing-virtual-contro/) - [Integrative Data Science in Drug Safety Research: Experiences, Challenges, and Perspectives](./publications/integrative-data-science-in-drug-safety-research-experiences-challenges-and-perspectives-2/) - [Virtual control groups in non-clinical toxicology – A replicability challenge](./publications/virtual-control-groups-in-non-clinical-toxicology-a-replicability-challenge/) - [Challenges and opportunities for validation of AI-based new approach methods](./publications/challenges-and-opportunities-for-validation-of-ai-based-new-approach-methods/) - [IHI VICT3R: Developing and implementing virtual control groups to reduce animal use in toxicology research](./publications/ihi-vict3r-developing-and-implementing-virtual-control-groups-to-reduce-animal-use-in-toxicology-research/) ## Related Publications - [Analysis of rat toxicology studies: statistical agreement between virtual and concurrent controls in detecting treatment effects on liver enzymes](./related-publication/analysis-of-rat-toxicology-studies-statistical-agreement-between-virtual-and-concurrent-controls-in-detecting-treatment-effects-on-liver-enzymes/) - [Never-ending Acronym Madness: Proposing a harmonized definition for NAMs](./related-publication/never-ending-acronym-madness-proposing-a-harmonized-definition-for-nams/) - [The age of animal experiments is waning. Where will science go next?](./related-publication/the-age-of-animal-experiments-is-waning-where-will-science-go-next/) - [Virtual Control Groups in Nonclinical Research: A Re-analysis of 20 Studies Using Virtual Control Group Data](./related-publication/virtual-control-groups-in-nonclinical-research-a-re-analysis-of-20-studies-using-virtual-control-group-data/) - [Guiding principles of good AI practice in drug development](./related-publication/guiding-principles-of-good-ai-practice-in-drug-development/) - [Interfacility Variations in Blood Chemistry Parameters and Their Implications for Virtual Control Group Construction](./related-publication/interfacility-variations-in-blood-chemistry-parameters-and-their-implications-for-virtual-control-group-construction/) - [Exploration of virtual control groups and Bayesian approaches for rat fertility studies](./related-publication/exploration-of-virtual-control-groups-and-bayesian-approaches-for-rat-fertility-studies/) - [Delivering regulatory impact from consortium-based projects](./related-publication/delivering-regulatory-impact-from-consortium-based-projects/) - [STP Town Hall Discussion on the Use of Virtual Control Groups in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies](./related-publication/stp-town-hall-discussion-on-the-use-of-virtual-control-groups-in-nonclinical-toxicity-studies/) - [A Simple Framework for Collaborative Development of Predictive Models Trained on Proprietary Data](./related-publication/a-simple-framework-for-collaborative-development-of-predictive-models-trained-on-proprietary-data/) - [The need for epigenotoxicity testing](./related-publication/the-need-for-epigenotoxicity-testing/) - [The long way from raw data to NAM-based information: Overview on data layers and processing steps](./related-publication/the-long-way-from-raw-data-to-nam-based-information-overview-on-data-layers-and-processing-steps/) - [Non-human primates in safety testing of human medicinal products and opportunities for 3Rs implementation - Scientific guideline](./related-publication/non-human-primates-in-safety-testing-of-human-medicinal-products-and-opportunities-for-3rs-implementation-scientific-guideline/) - [Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Proposal and Recommendations to Reduce Euthanasia of Control Nonhuman Primates in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies](./related-publication/scientific-and-regulatory-policy-committee-points-to-consider-proposal-and-recommendations-to-reduce-euthanasia-of-control-nonhuman-primates-in-nonclinical-toxicity-studies/) - [Building a Roadmap for AI-Enabled Human and Environmental Health Protection](./related-publication/building-a-roadmap-for-ai-enabled-human-and-environmental-health-protection/) - [Use and reporting of historical control data for regulatory studies](./related-publication/use-and-reporting-of-historical-control-data-for-regulatory-studies/) - [Using pre-existing control data to set expectations in preclinical studies](./related-publication/using-pre-existing-control-data-to-set-expectations-in-preclinical-studies/) - [Virtual Control Groups in Non-clinical Toxicity Studies: Impacts on Toxicologic Clinical Pathology Data Interpretation](./related-publication/virtual-control-groups-in-non-clinical-toxicity-studies-impacts-on-toxicologic-clinical-pathology-data-interpretation/) - [Statistical applications of virtual control groups to nonrodent animal toxicity studies: An initial evaluation](./related-publication/statistical-applications-of-virtual-control-groups-to-nonrodent-animal-toxicity-studies-an-initial-evaluation/) - [Innovative Medicines Initiative public–private partnerships to enhance translational safety](./related-publication/innovative-medicines-initiative-public-private-partnerships-to-enhance-translational-safety/) - [Perspectives on Implementing Virtual Control Groups in Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity Studies](./related-publication/perspectives-on-implementing-virtual-control-groups-in-developmental-and-reproductive-toxicity-studies/) - [Mapping out strategies to further develop human-relevant, new approach methodology (NAM)-based developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing](./related-publication/mapping-out-strategies-to-further-develop-human-relevant-new-approach-methodology-nam-based-developmental-neurotoxicity-dnt-testing/) - [Introducing the concept of virtual control groups into preclinical toxicology testing](./related-publication/introducing-the-concept-of-virtual-control-groups-into-preclinical-toxicology-testing/) - [Retrospective analysis of the potential use of virtual control groups in preclinical toxicity assessment using the eTOX database](./related-publication/retrospective-analysis-of-the-potential-use-of-virtual-control-groups-in-preclinical-toxicity-assessment-using-the-etox-database/) - [How important are concurrent vehicle control groups in (sub)chronic non-human primate toxicity studies conducted in pharmaceutical development? 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