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    Guffroy M, Arndt T, Barale-Thomas E, Bolin S, Grevot A, Ibanes J, Laing ST, Leach MW, Meindel M, Palazzi X, Ramaiah L, Schwartz J, Johnson RL. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Proposal and Recommendations to Reduce Euthanasia of Control Nonhuman Primates in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol. 2025. READ


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    Hartung T. The validation of regulatory test methods – Conceptual, ethical, and philosophical foundations. ALTEX. 2024;41(4):525–44. READ


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    Hartung T, King NMP, Kleinstreuer N, Leist M, Tagle DA. Leveraging biomarkers and translational medicine for preclinical safety – Lessons for advancing the validation of alternatives to animal testing. ALTEX. 2024;41(4):545–66. READ


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    Adedeji AO, Naor AW. Virtual Control Groups in Non-clinical Toxicity Studies: Impacts on Toxicologic Clinical Pathology Data Interpretation. Toxicol Pathol. 2025 Feb;53(2):164-172. READ


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    Andaya R, Sullivan R, Pourmohamad T, Hayes M, Maliver P, Laing S, Hasselgren C, Dybdal N, Adedeji AO, Anger LT. A proof-of-concept rat toxicity study highlights the potential utility and challenges of virtual control groups. ALTEX. 2024;41(4):647-659. READ


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    Palazzi X, Anger LT, Boulineau T, Grevot A, Guffroy M, Henson K, Hoepp N, Jacobsen M, Kale VP, Kreeger J, Lane JH, Li D, Muster W, Paisley B, Ramaiah L, Robertson N, Shultz V, Steger Hartmann T, Westhouse R. Points to consider regarding the use and implementation of virtual controls in nonclinical general toxicology studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2024 Jun;150:105632. READ


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    Gurjanov A, Vaas LAI, Steger-Hartmann T. The road to virtual control groups and the importance of proper body-weight selection. ALTEX. 2024;41(4):660-665. READ


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    Gurjanov A, Vieira-Vieira C, Vienenkoetter J, Vaas LAI, Steger-Hartmann T. Replacing concurrent controls with virtual control groups in rat toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2024 Mar;148:105592. READ


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    Golden E, Allen D, Amberg A, Anger LT, Baker E, Baran SW, Bringezu F, Clark M, Duchateau-Nguyen G, Escher SE, Giri V, Grevot A, Hartung T, Li D, Lotfi L, Muster W, Snyder K, Wange R, Steger-Hartmann T. Toward implementing virtual control groups in nonclinical safety studies: Workshop report and roadmap to implementation. ALTEX. 2024;41(2):282-301. READ


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    Sanz F, Pognan F, Steger-Hartmann T, Díaz C, et al. eTRANSAFE: data science to empower translational safety assessment. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2023 Aug;22(8):605-606. READ


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    Grevot A, Boisclair J, Guffroy M, Hall P, Pohlmeyer-Esch G, Jacobsen M, Bach U, Frisk AL, Dybdal N, Palazzi X. Toxicologic Pathology Forum Opinion Piece: Use of Virtual Control Groups in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies: The Anatomic Pathology Perspective. Toxicol Pathol. 2023 Aug;51(6):390-396. READ


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    Steger-Hartmann T, Clark M. Can Historical Control Group Data Be Used to Replace Concurrent Controls in Animal Studies?. Toxicol Pathol. 2023 Aug;51(6):361-362. READ


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    Gurjanov A, Kreuchwig A, Steger-Hartmann T, Vaas LAI. Hurdles and signposts on the road to virtual control groups-A case study illustrating the influence of anesthesia protocols on electrolyte levels in rats. Front Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 20;14:1142534. READ


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    Mecklenburg L, Lenz S, Hempel G. How important are concurrent vehicle control groups in (sub)chronic non-human primate toxicity studies conducted in pharmaceutical development? An opportunity to reduce animal numbers. PLoS One. 2023 Aug 3;18(8):e0282404. READ


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    Wright PSR, Smith GF, Briggs KA, Thomas R, Maglennon G, Mikulskis P, Chapman M, Greene N, Phillips BU, Bender A. Retrospective analysis of the potential use of virtual control groups in preclinical toxicity assessment using the eTOX database. egul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Feb;138:105309. READ


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    Steger-Hartmann T, Kreuchwig A, Vaas L, Wichard J, Bringezu F, Amberg A, Muster W, Pognan F, Barber C. Introducing the concept of virtual control groups into preclinical toxicology testing. ALTEX. 2020;37(3):343-349. READ